How Does Abdominoplasty Work?

An abdominoplasty (tummy tuck) works in two ways.

First, is the deep layer- the stuff you cannot see.  Under the skin the abdominal rectus muscles are tightened, like an internal corset. These muscles separate during pregnancy or major weight gain, causing a loosening of the rectus muscles.

Second, an abdominoplasty removes excess skin and fat.  Frequently we remove all the skin between the belly button and the pubis.

"You can't have surgery without scars but I know Dr. Greenberg did everything she could minimize the scars and put them low so I can easily hide them." - K.G., Boulder Creek
*Individual results may vary
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ABDOMINOPLASTY TYPES

Abdominoplasties come in all shapes and sizes, just like the women who need them. From biggest surgery to smallest:

Full abdominoplasty. Also called Tummy tuck.  This procedure provides maximal tightening of the muscles and skin.  It will help the muscle separation and skin laxity from the rib cage all the way to the pubic area. If you have laxity above the belly button, hanging tissue (a pannus), or have had major weight loss, you likely need this.

Mini abdominoplasty. Also called a mini tummy tuck or hybrid tummy tuck. The incision for a mini can be placed as low as you want to go. This is really used for those with changes in the lower abdomen only (below the belly button).

Floating belly button. This is not a common surgery. It involves no scar on the skin of the belly button, just one in the lower abdomen. Your belly button is like a mushroom. During a normal tummy tuck the belly button does not move- the skin does. In this surgery, the stalk of the belly button is cut, and the belly button floats down toward the pubic area attached only to the skin. This allows tightening of the upper abdomen and lower abdomen skin. The issue is a floating abdominoplasty lowers the position of the belly button, so it is only good for those with high belly buttons to begin with, and the belly button is no longer connected to the stalk. If you ever need a laparoscopic procedure, they cannot use the port through the belly button as this connection is gone.

Muscle tightening only. This is for the women who have good skin tone, no fat, but have loosened muscles after babies (When you aren’t sucking it in you look five months pregnant, and when you suck it in you go FLAT.) A lot of my Bay Area women fall into this category. The skin incision can be short when you do this.

NOTE: If when you suck in your belly the skin hangs and is wrinkled, then you likely need some form of skin tightening. The more skin tightening, the longer the scar. See mini tummy tuck description above.

Mommy Makeover:  A mommy makeover combining any of the above with breast surgery (like breast augmentation, breast lift, or breast reduction), or other body contouring procedures like full body liposuction or the Brazilian butt lift (fat grafting to the buttock.)

how do i choose?

There is no right answer to which is the right surgery for you. Dr. Greenberg strongly recommends you have an evaluation by a plastic surgeon versed in all the different types of body contouring surgery, so they can help you pick the right procedures for you.

There are trade offs. You may prefer some skin laxity to have a shorter scar. How bad is your diastasis? Are you symptomatic? How do you scar? Have you gone through menopause? Do you need to lose weight? Many of my patients are in a “grey” area- they have real changes in their abdomen, but is the fix worth it? Sometimes you have to choose – if I want tight skin, is it worth the scar? Not all women will make the same choice.

Tummy tucks are frequently combined with:

  • Formal liposuction of flank, back, thighs, & arms (Dr. Greenberg always does some liposuction sculpting included with her abdominoplasty. This is for more aggressive liposuction, non adjoining areas, or two positions on the operating room table)
  • Breast surgery – augmentation, lift, reduction
  • Facial surgery- eyelid surgery, fat grafting to the face

Be careful!  Dr. Greenberg has seen many people who try to do less invasive procedures like Coolsculpt or liposuction when they needed an abdominoplasty.  These women are left with wrinkled, dimpled skin, and then seek out a plastic surgeon to “fix” it.  Some of these issues cannot be fixed.  Again, she strongly recommends at least one evaluation by a board certified plastic surgeon before you decide on your course of treatment.

What Happened To My Belly?

The abdomen is made of three basic components. SKIN. MUSCLE. FAT. Usually, your issue is due to a combination, and it is important to evaluate and address the components.

FAT: If fat is the biggest issue, then liposuction is the best choice. You make a tiny scar, blow the area up with tumescent solution (a mix of saline, numbing medication, and epinephrine to reduce bruising), and remove the fat. But if you have loose skin or muscle, liposuction won’t fix those issues and may make the skin looseness worse. Tightening procedures like abdominoplasty are needed to fix skin and muscle issues.

MUSCLE: Diastasis is the separation of the rectus muscles, usually from pregnancy. You can try to help it with abdominal strengthening exercises, but for many the only fix is to repair the separation surgically. When I do surgery I get to see the separation. For many patients the two edges of muscle are not connected, so no amount of “core” working out will fix that. The fix is to sew the muscles back together.

HERNIA: is an actual hole in the abdominal wall. The most common site is the belly button, and many can be repaired at the time of abdominoplasty.

LOOSE SKIN: The only way we have to tighten skin is to cut it out. Think of your skin as a bathing suit. As you age, have weight changes and pregnancies, and hit menopause, the elasticity in your skin is poorer.  Your skin cannot bounce back. There is no effective laser, exercise, or cream to tighten skin. When you see advertisements for procedures which “tighten the skin with no downtime” please be wary. If noninvasive skin tightening worked, we would have no tummy tucks, facelifts, necklifts, or breast lifts.

when do i see my final tummy tuck results?

Recovery after an abdominoplasty is fast and slow.

FAST: You will be back to your normal daily routine usually at 1-2 weeks. You are not “back to normal,” but you are functional. You can go back to a desk job, drive a car, and go out to a movie. But you will be tired faster than normal. You are wearing garments, you have swelling, your skin is numb, your scars are red. You may weigh more than you did before surgery from the swelling. This is normal.

  • Week 1: In house on medications.
  • Week 2: Variable. Some are back to work and off medications, many are not. I recommend work from home.
  • Week 4: Light exercise (no core)
  • Week 6: First set of photos for my patients. I tell people you are 80% settled. But you likely still have some swelling, lumpy bumpy areas, red scars.

SLOW: The body takes a full year to heal after a surgery. A YEAR. The initial changes are faster, but you continue to improve over the next months in a slow but constant fashion. Scars will fade, tissue will soften, sensation will improve.

  • Your clothes may not fit. You may still have swelling.
  • You will have small aches and pains for a while. A muscle pulling, a zing of a nerve, a small lumpy area. This is normal.
  • Scars take a full year to heal. They will slowly fade and soften. You need to actively do scar care.
  • Dissolving sutures take months to dissolve. You may feel small pebbles under your tissue as they dissolve.
  • Spitting sutures can happen for months. See my blog on the subject HERE.
  • You are likely numb. The central abdomen sensation below the belly button takes months to years to return.

When will you feel “normal’? This varies for everyone, as their definition is different. At 3 months most people are back to doing their normal routines, full work outs, and have normal energy levels.

What are signs of diastasis recti?

If your rectus abdominis belly muscles are separated, they can cause functional and aesthetic issues. Many of these improve after tummy tuck, with studies showing statistically significant improvement.

FUNCTIONAL ISSUES:

  • Urinary incontinence. Do you need to wear a pad when you run? Pee a little when you sneeze or cough? Get up in the middle of the night to pee? These are signs of urinary incontinence.
  • Low back pain. Your “core” is a balance between abdominal and back muscles. When the abdominal muscles are not working well, the back works overtime.
  • Poor posture. You may have a sway back posture.
  • Difficulty with core exercises. Can you do a sit up? Do you shake like a leaf when holding the plank? Difficulty lifting objects, performing daily tasks, or maintaining posture due to weakened abdominal muscles.
  • Pelvic discomfort. Pelvic pain, hip pain, urinary incontinence, and discomfort during sex.
  • Digestive symptoms: Bloating or constipation can occur due to reduced support for digestive organs from weakened abdominal muscles.
  • Predisposition to hernias or hernia recurrence. When your muscles are separated, the midline of the abdomen is weak. This can lead to hernias or hernias recurring.

COSMETIC ISSUES

  • Persistent belly pooch even after weight loss. Some women look pregnant still, years after having their babies. This may be due to loose skin, muscle separation, or both.
    • You may be back to your pre-pregnancy weight, but your clothes may not fit because your waistband is tight. This may be from the muscle separation following pregnancy or weight loss.
  • A bulging belly. This is frequently more noticeable after eating or at night, as your muscles loosen during the day.
  • Uneven fat on the abdomen. Just as your muscles separate, the fat frequently does as well. You may notice an indent in the thickness of your abdominal tissue along your midline.

 

Abdominoplasty Cost

Tummy tucks vary in cost because of two factors:

  1. What kind of tummy tuck are you doing? Is it a skin wedge, a mini tummy tuck, a full tummy tuck, or an extended tummy tuck (which I usually do after major weight loss)?
  2. Are you doing any other procedures with it? The mommy makeover is when you combine some kind of breast surgery (augmentation, breast lift, or breast reduction) with the tummy tuck.  I do liposuction frequently with most tummy tucks. For the contouring liposuction of the waistline and pubic area (don’t forget to address that!) I do not charge for liposuction. But sometimes I have patients who need formal liposuction, which requires two positions on the operating room table.
  3.  What are the extras included? I include lots of things in my “abdominoplasty” quote. The liposuction, as I mentioned above. I use Exparel, an injection I do at the time of surgery which helps significantly with postoperative pain. The quote includes a garment, scar treatments, and a preoperative kit.

Cost for just a full tummy tuck is around $17,000-18,000 all in (includes OR, anesthesiologist, surgeon fees, pre and post operative clinic visits).  If you are combining it with another major surgery like breast surgery, eyelid surgery, or body liposuction, the cost will go up depending on the other procedure.  When you are healthy, there is savings in cost and recovery time to combine the procedures.

how do doctors differ

Tummy tucks have a lot of things we do on the inside which you do not see. What are differences between doctors?

  • Progressive tension or quilting sutures. I do these, and I think it has helped my patients recover faster with shorter drain time.
  • Pain pumps or numbing medication injected at surgery. I love this. Read my blogs on Exparel. I prefer it to the pain pumps (I used to use the OnQ pump) because there is no tubing and reservoirs you need to deal with. Not only does this make you more comfortable, it likely has benefits for lowering risk of blood clots and breathing issues.
  • How do they repair the diastasis muscle separation? Running suture vs. interrupted.  Permanent vs. dissolving. How many layers? Read my blog on the subject HERE.
  • Drains.  I use drains in my tummy tucks. With my use of progressive tension sutures and TXA (Blogs on TXA here), the drains stay in for a short period of time. But as I do adjunctive liposuction in most patients, the tumnescent fluid from the liposuction can cause increased fluid for those first few days, and I think a drain makes a difference, accelerating healing and reducing your risk for seroma.
  • Do you do liposuction? I use liposuction to help sculpt on most of my tummy tuck patients. I think it is an important tool to help contour the waistline and pubic areas.

I have many blogs on tummy tucks. HERE. Please use the search tool bar if you have specific questions. I likely have blogged about it before.

Surgical Facilities

The abdominoplasty procedure is done under general anesthesia. My primary surgery facility is in Palo Alto, called the Plastic Surgery Center, and it is AAAA certified. I have operated there for over 25 years. The surgery is outpatient. For improved comfort, I use a long acting injection called Exparel, ( I prefer this to the pain pump placed during surgery which drips numbing medication internally as it is one less tube/drain.)  The Exparel works for about 3 days. I find it reduces postoperative pain significantly.

I frequently combine abdominoplasty with liposuction or other cosmetic surgery procedures such as breast augmentation, breast reduction, breast lift, or eyelid surgery. Abdominoplasty can be combined with non-cosmetic procedures, such as hysterectomy or umbilical and ventral hernia repair. When this is done, the surgery is done usually at Sequoia Hospital. Recovery takes two to three weeks.

Timing of surgery and your health should be optimized prior to surgery. People who are still losing significant weight or who are planning another pregnancy should wait. If you are actively smoking, you need to stop at least one month before doing this surgery. PRESURGERY ADVICE.

ABDOMINOPLASTY RECOVERY

Tummy tucks hurt.The They hurt not because of the big scar, but because of the tightening of your muscles- the diastasis. Frequently surgery is combined with other body contouring procedures like liposuction or fat grafting, or with breast surgery like breast augmentation, lift or reduction for the mommy makeover.

Recovery varies from person to person. Dr. Greenberg has patients who are up and about, fully dressed, driving, in makeup and going to work at a week. She has others who need two weeks.  Please plan for two weeks of help.  If you have the ability to work from home, take one week off, and then one week at home.

Dr. Greenberg does many techniques to limit pain, lower swelling and bruising, and help your recovery.  This is a time to take a *time out* from your life.  Read a book, watch Game of Thrones from episode one, work on that Shutterfly photo album you haven’t done.  Rest. You will be back to full activity faster if you treat your body well and let it heal.  I love my Bay Area overachieving patients who defy all norms, but this is one area where you need to give your body the time to heal.

  • PAIN. During surgery Dr. Greenberg uses many techniques to address pain. Coming at pain from multiple methods helps lower side effects of medications (less nausea, constipation, etc) and helps you wean off medications faster. So not only are you more comfortable, you get moving faster. This usually is a combination of anti-inflammatory medication Celebrex, muscle relaxants, Tylenol, numbing injections, and narcotic pain medication. Dr. Greenberg places a numbing agent called Exparel into the rectus muscle sheath during surgery, which works in a time release and helps with the pain for the first 3 days. This reduces the need for oral medication of pain pills and muscle relaxants.  EXPAREL INFO
  • DIET.  Studies have shown protein loading for one month ahead of surgery and one month after helps with lowering complications and improving healing.  You cannot eat solid food after surgery until you have passed gas, which is usually about 2 days out.  Your body needs energy in the form of good nutrition to heal.
  • DRAINS . Dr. Greenberg uses progressive tension quilting sutures to help reduce the time of your drains, but you will have a drain. The JP drain decreases swelling and bruising and lowers the risk of seroma. Particularly because she combines liposuction with many of her tummy tucks, the fluid from the liposuction needs to drain.
  • GARMENTS. You will have a compression garment to help cut down on swelling and bruising.  It feels good after surgery to be wrapped in a garment.  You can transition to a lighter garment like Spanx after a few weeks.
  • POSITION & SLEEP. You will be bent for 1-2 weeks. Sleep with extra pillows behind your head and knees (or some get a wedge pillow or use a recliner chair).
  • DRIVING & WORK. Plan on doing little for the first week. As she mentioned earlier, recovery varies between people- some are off medications and able to drive and return to work at a week, others at two weeks. Plan for two weeks to be safe.
  • DO YOU NEED A WALKER, SURGICAL BED, WEDGE PILLOW? Read my blog on my thoughts for these HERE.